Typewriting machine



Dec. 29, 1942. 1.. PlTMAN TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed June 18, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet l W HUEEEE INVENTOR #m/e L. P/T/VA/V K ATTORNEY Dec. 29, 1942; H. 1.. PITMAN TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed June 18, 1940 .5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR //Z7VA V.L1 /7/VA/V I BY [4 ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 29, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT I OFFICE TYIEWRITING MACHINE Henry L. Pitman, West Hartford, Conn., assignor to Underwood Elliott Fisher Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application June 18, 1940, Serial No. 341,167

,, 26 Claims.

This invention relates to typewriters and deals with margin-stop mechanism associated with the typing carriage.

A line-end margin stop is engageable by the carriage to cause automatically an operation of power operable carriage return mechanism. There may be a plurality of carriage-returnlimiting or line-start margin stops, including one for limiting an extreme carriage-return and one or more stops for limiting intermediate carriagereturns.

A carriage-return-key mechanism is operable to initiate power-return of the carriage and is also differentially operable to determine which of the several return-limiting margin-stops shall be effective to terminate the power-return.

The broad object of the invention is to provide an improved margin-stop mechanism.

In accounting work, there may be employed different work-sheet forms requiring different settings of the margin stops.

It is a further object of the invention to provide for facilitating the changing of the marginstop set-up in respect to difi'erent work-sheet forms.

Another object is to provide for removing a set-up of margin-stops entirely from the machine so that it may be laid aside and replaced by a different set-up of margin-stops.

Another object is to have the margin-stops individually adjustable to facilitate making a setup of the stops.

For these and other purposes, a set-up of margin-stops may be arranged on a support adapted to be readily removable from and replaceable in the machine at will; there may be several of such supports and their individual margin-stop setups for interchangeable use with the machine.

Another object is to provide that any marginstop set-up and its support will serve in conjunction with the aforementioned carriage-returnkey mechanism, to provide also that the line-end stop of any support may serve to automatically initiate a, power carriage-return, and to provide that the carriage-return-limiting stops of any support will serve to terminate the power-return of the carriage.

If the power-carriage-return is initiated automatically by means of the line-end stop, the carriage will ordinarily be returned to the extreme carriage-retum-limiting stop. Another object is to adapt One of the intermediate carriage-retumlimiting stops so that it may be made to serve, instead of the extreme stop, to limit the automatically initiated carriage-retum.

Another object is to embody the invention in simple, durable and eflicient form.

Other objects, features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective of the novel marginstop structure and associated mechanism,

Figure 2 is a top plan view of parts, partly sectioned, at the left side of the machine, of the margin-stop mechanism,

Figure 3 is a top plan view of parts, partly sectioned, at the right side of the machine, of the margin-stop mechanism,

Figure 4 is a partly sectioned 'view of details.

Figure 5 is a perspective of separate parts constituting the individual margin-stops,

Figure 6 is a perspective of the line-end margin-stop,

Figure 7 is a partly sectioned side elevation representing typewriter structure, carriage-return mechanism, and the margin-stop mechanism,

Figure 8 is a top plan view of the margin stop support or rack and associated details, and illustrates how the support and stops may be removed and replaced readily at will,

Figure 9 is a side view illustrating operation of parts to automatically initiate a carriage-return,

Figure 10 is a front view of a carriage counterstop, cam and a cam-controlled part of the lineend margin-stop,

Figures 11 and 12 are partly sectioned side views illustrating the operated positions of the parts involved with the carriage-return-key mechanism for using different intermediate carriage-returnlimiting stops, and I Figure 13 is a plan view showing a modification of parts of Figure 3.

A main frame F of the typewriter is partly shown in the drawings and includes right and left standards I6 on lateral extensions I] of the side walls of the frame; only the extension I! at the left of the machine is shown in full in Figure 1, the one at the right being similar. Frame F supports a rear rail I8 and standards It support a front rail IS. A carriage 20 mounting a platen 2| is reciprocatable laterally on rails I8, IS. A spring-motor 22 drives carriage 20 leftward in letter-feed steps determined by cooperation of escapement dogs 23 with an escapement wheel 24 having a pinion-and-rack connection 25 to the carriage. The escapement mechanism permits free return of the carriage.

Type-bars represented at 21, Figure 7, are pivto move to and from platen 2| andhave operative connections to type-keys, not shown, but disposed in conventional keyboard array at the front of the machine. Escapement dogs 23 are operatively connected to type-bars 21 by a universal bar 28.

A carriage-return pinion 38 meshes constantly with a rack 3| attached to carriage 28 by brackets 32. Pinion 38 is slidable transversely of rack 3| along a power-operable drive-shaft 33 to move its clutch-tooth 34 into and out of engagement with a toothed clutch collar 35 fixed to power shaft 33 which is journaled in fixtures 36, 31 on the framework.

Rock-shafts 39, 48 are journaled in the framework and are connected by linkage 4|. Rockshaft 48 has fixed thereto a shifter 42 for pinion 38, said shifter having a pin engaging a circumferential groove of pinion 38 as at 43, Figure '7. Shaft 39 has fixed thereto an arm 44 to which is pivoted a trip link 45 extending horizontally forward through a guide-slot in a plate 46 fixed to the framework. A spring 41 is biased to urge trip-link 45 rearwardly and downwardly. A latch-shoulder 48 of trip-link 45 normally engages a keeper 49 on plate 46 to determine the normal or disengaged position, Figure '7, of pinion 38.

Upon raising the forward end of trip-link 45, by means later described, to disengage its latchshoulder 48 from keeper 49, spring 41 will move the parts so that pinion 38 is moved rearwardly to engage clutch collar 35 for resulting return movement of carriage 28 by power-shaft 33. Conversely, upon withdrawing pinion 38 from clutch collar 35, by means described later, triplink 45 will become latched again by keeper 49.

A plurality of carriage-return key-levers 52, 53 are rockable individually about a common fulcrum-stud 54 fixed in an angle plate 55 secured to the framework. Each key-lever has a kicker-arm 56 to engage a one-way pawl 51 on trip-link 45 whenever one of said key-levers is rocked counterclockwise from the Figure '7 position, thereby to lift the forward end of triplink 45 for its resulting rearward movement by spring 41 to initiate a carriage return.

Also journaled on stud 54 there is an elbowlever 58 having a pin 59 for engagement by either kicker arm 56 of the carriage return key levers 52', 53. Manual counterclockwise movement or depression ment of its stop 68 with angle plate 55 as at Figure 12. Said key lever 52 thus operated imparts a certain extent of counterclockwise movement to elbow-lever 58. Similarly, a stop 6| on key lever 53 limits its operation or movement so as to impart a different extent of counterclockwise movement to elbow-lever 58, as in Figure 11. Operation of carriage return key lever 5| determines extreme return of the carriage and does not affect elbow-lever 58. Elbow-lever 58 is operated only by key-levers 52, 53 to determine different intermediate extents of return of carriage 28 as will later appear.

Springs 62 keep key-levers 5|53 in normal positions in which tongues 63 of said levers abut angle plate 55, Figure '7. Each spring 62 is attached to'its lever 64 and to an anchor pin 64 in the framework.

The described carriage-return-key mechanism is substantially as disclosed in my co-pending application Serial No. 264,377, filed March 2'7, 1939, now Patent No. 2,258,715, dated October 14, 1941. A trip-link such as 45 and its connections to a carriage-return pinion such as 38 are substantially as shown in my U. S. Patent of key lever 52 is limited by engage- No. 2,178,702, dated November 7, 1939. The other typewriter features thus far described are conventional and well known as exemplified in the Underwood Standard Typewriter.

I will now describe the novel margin-stop mechanism and its combination with the abovedescribed mechanism.

A margin stop rack 65 is bored at one end to receive slidably a pivot-pin 68. A spring 61 is compressed between the inner end of the bore and the pin 66. Rack 65 has a cut-out 68 for a finger-piece 69 fixed to pin 66 as by a press fit. The inner end of finger-piece 69 may abut the front face of cutout 68 to keep said finger-piece from turning. By its abutment with the side of cut-out 68, finger-piece 69 may limit the projection of pin 66 beyond the rack 65 and into a fulcrum socket 18 on right hand standard I6 of the framework. Said fulcrum socket 19 and its shank 1| may be fixed to a plate 12. Shank 1| may be received in a bore of standard I6 and may be threaded to receive a headed fastening screw 13. A collar 14 also fixed to plate 12 is threaded to receive a screw 15 having an inner head 16 and passing through a hole in standard |6 to receive an outer fastening nut 11.

Rack 65 has at its other end a transverse slot 18 fitting a fulcrum pin 19 on the left standard l6. Loosely fulcrumed on pin 19 there are an arm 88 and its hub 8|. Arm 88 has a pin 82 fitting in slot 18 of rack 65 and therefore rotation of rack 65 about pins 66, 19 will also be attended by rotation of arm 88. A collar 83 is fixed to rack 65 within slot 18 and takes up the space between and abuts pins 19, 82 to prevent transverse displacement of rack 65. Fulcrum pin 19 is shouldered at 85 to limit left-ward displacement of rack 65. Pin 19 may have a collar 86 fixed to a plate 81 and may also have an outer screw shank 88 to receive a fastening nut 89. Standard I6 is bored to receive collar 86.

Plate 81 extends rearwardly to receive a fastening screw 98 whose outer head, not shown, cooperates with nut 89 to secure a hinge-plate 9| to outer side of left standard l6. Similarly, there is a hinge plate 9| at the right standard l6 and secured thereto by nut 11 and screw 13'. An angular cover plate 92 is curled around a hinge rod or pintles 94 associated with the hinge plates 9|, 9 I. Cover plate 92 may be swung forwardly and downwardly from its normal fullline rack-covering position to the dotted-line position, Figure '7, to uncover rack 65; said cover plate 92 spans hinge-plates 9|, 9| and in its normal position its rear edge is adjacent the forward edge of front carriage rail |9. To each end of cover plate 92 there is attached a spring 93 anchored to a pin 95 on the companion hinge plate. Springs 93 are biased to throw to either side of the hinge axis to keep the cover plate either in its normal full-line position or in its dotted-line position.

Rack 65 presents, Figures 1 and 8, a line-end margin-stop L, an extreme carriage-return margin-stop 3, and, in the present instance, two intermediate carriage-return margin-stops and 2, Figures 1, 2 and 8.

Each margin-stop includes a body-block 96 which is cut out as at 91 to fit slidably against the bottom, front and rear sides of rack 65, while one of plates 98, 99, I88 and IM held to the top of block 96 by screws I82 fits slidably against the top side of rack 65. Two laterally spaced slots I83 extending from end to end of body block 96 and below cut-out 91, receive two asoasoa I pushing on yoke I05, to retract edges I61 from g the rack teeth so that the margin-stop may be shifted laterally along rack 65 to one or another station. A spring I09 is compressed between yoke I05 and body block 56 to bring back .and

keep edges I01 between the rack teeth I06 forholding the margin-stop at its desired station. A stud H in yoke I enters spring I06 to keep to shaft m is .pivotally articulated as at m the latter in place. Catch-elements I04 fit'slidably between one of the overlying plates 66-IOI and the bottoms of slots I03. At the cut-outs I06 elements I04 fit slidably between the bottom of rack 65 and-the bottoms of slots I03.

Plate 96 is on line-end margin-stop L and presents a cam-edge III in the path of e, Figure 8, of a cam-edge II2 of a downwardly extending tongue II 3 of a stop-plate II4 attached to the underside of boss II5 on the frame of carriage 20. In the letter-feed step in which carriage 20 reaches a line-end, its cam edge II2 engages cam-edge III of margin stop L to angularly move rack 65 clockwise about its pivotpins 66, 19. H

A rock-shaft H1 is journaled in left standard I6 and in a bracket II6 fixed to the left frameextension I1. An arm II3 fixed to shaft H1 is slotted to embrace a headed stud I20 of arm 60. Shaft H1 is retained endwise by shaft collars I2I abutting bracket 6 and its boss I22. Fixed to shaft II1 there is an elbow-lever I23 having a pin or roller I24 overlying a vertical thrust rod I25 slidably guided at its upper end in a plate I26 secured to the left frame-extension I1. The lower end of rod I25 is articulated at I21 to a lever I26 having a fulcrum I26 fixed to the framework. A tab I26 of lever I26 underlies trip-link 45. A tension-spring I3I is anchored to the framework and is attached to lever I26 to urge the lever clockwise of Figure 7 to keep the parts I25, I26 in normal positions which may be determined by abutment of a pin I30- in rod I25 with plate I26.

It will be seen now that when rack 65 is rocked clockwise by engagement of the carriage with the line-end margin-stop L, that arm 60 is similarly rocked and in turn rocks arm II3 and its shaft II1 counterclockwise to depress rod I25 to rock lever I26 counterclockwise and thereby raise the forward end of trip-link 45 to initiate a power-retum of the carriage.

Immediately at the start of the return movement of the carriage, the latters cam-edge II2 recedes from line-end margin-stop L, This permits spring I3I to return the parts immediately to normal positions, Figure 7, determined by the aforementioned pin I30, and also, as to rack 65, by abutment of a pin I32 on elbow-lever I23 with the side of a cam-slot I33 in an upright bar I34.

for fixing it to plate I41 and bar I44.

edge I31, it results that rack 65 is displaced endwise rightwardly but is not rocked angularly. This endwise displacement of rack 65 terminates the power-return of the carriage by the following means.

A rock shaft I36 is journaled in up-turned front and rear ears I36 of a bracket I fixed to the right side wall of the framework F. A

rear arm I40 fixed to said shaft I36 is connected by a link I to an arm I4I', Figure 7, fixed to rock shaft 36. Another arm I42, Figure 1, fixed to a bar I44 paralleling rack 65. A stud I on the end of a headed screw I45 threaded and seated in the right frame standard I6, Figure 4, loosely fits a bore I46 in the right-hand end. of bar I44. A plate I41 is shown riveted to the top of bar I44 to present a finger I46 adjacent the right end of rack 65. A block I46 surmounts plate I41 and has a rivet shank I50, Figure 3, Said block I43 may have a bore I49, Figure 1, to fit loosely a stud I52, Figure 3, projecting from screw-head 16 to cooperate with stud I45 to support and guide bar I44 at its right end.

It will be seen now that the rightward endwise displacement of rack 65 resulting from encounter of tongue II3 of the returning carriage with theextreme line start stop 3 will similarly displace bar I44 and thereby rock shaft I38 clockwise of Figure i. It will further be seen that this rocking of shaft I36 is transmitted to rock Bar I34 has a further function which will be described later. Said cam-slot I33 has its inner part I35 shaped to permit pin I32 to move freely with shaft II1 counterclockwise independently of said bar I34 and thereby permit rack to be moved clockwise for initiating a carriagereturn.

In the normal position, Figure 7, of rack 65,

an edge I31 of plate IN on the extreme carriageretum-stop 3 is in the path a, Figure 8, of the right side edge of tongue II3 on the returning carriage. As carriage-tongue II3 encounters said shafts 33, 40 to move carriage return pinion 30 from clutch collar 35 of power shaft 33; at the same time, trip-link 45 is moved forwardly again to its normal position, Figure 7, in which it becomes latched over keeper 46. The rightward endwise displacement of rack 65 and bar I44 is limited by abutment of block I49 with head 16 of screw 15 and adjustment of the limit of displacement may be efiected by turning screw 15.

The elbow-lever 56 of the carriage-return-keylever mechanism has a stud I54 grooved for articulation with the slotted lower end I55 of an extension I56 of bar I36. Bar I34 has slots I59 to receive headed studs I60 fixed in the adjacent portion of extension I56. A lateral tab I6I of bar I 34 has a screw I62 abutting lower stud I60 ,under the urge of a tension spring I63 connected between ears I64 of bar I34 and extension I56. By turning screw I62, the length of the composite bar I34, I56 may be adjusted to provide for proper relative disposition of its lower end and the upper cam-slot I33.

A tension spring I66 is connected at I61 to extension I56 and at I66 to a latch I66 pivoted at I10 to extension I56.

By depressing carriage-return key-lever 53 to the Figure 11 position, elbow-lever 56 is rocked counterclockwise and composite bar I34, I56 is raised to such extent that an upper step I1I of latch I63 will become caught over a fixed stop I12 suitably supported by the framework. Through such raising of bar I34, its oblique upper cam-slot I33 rocks shaft II1 clockwise and rack 65 counterclockwise to the Figure 11 positions to render the intermediate carriage return limiting stop 2 eflective. By depressing carriage-retum key lever 52, instead of key lever 53, bar I34, I56 will be raised higher so that a lower step I13 of latch I66 will become caught render the intermediate carriage return limiting stop I eilective.

up-turned end I14 of plate I forms stops angularly spaced about the pivot axis of rack 65. For such angular spacing the top side of the rear end of plate 99 may be beveled as at 99, Figure 5. The intermediate carriage return stops I and 2 are normally out of the path b of the stop I15 on the carriage.

Should a key lever 52 or 53 be operated when plate 99 or I00 of stops I and 2 is under carria/ge stop I15, the spring I63 will yield to permit extension I56 to rise to become latched by stop The operation of either key lever, 52 or 53, has tripped trip link 45 to cause pinion 30 to be connected to power shaft 33 to initiate the resulting return of the carriage. When tongue I15 of the returning carriage encounters margin stop I or 2, whichever is effective, rack 65 and bar I44, are displaced endwise to the right to rock shaft I38 to unclutch pinion 30 from power shaft 33 and at the same time restore trip-link 45 forwardly to latched position. By forward restoration of trip link 45, a member I16 thereon strikes and disengages latch I69 from stop I12. This results in downward movement of bar I34, I56 by a spring I18 attached to extension I56 at- I19 and to a suitable anchor, not shown, fixed to the framework. A shoulder I80 of bar I34 abuts the top of guide plate I26 to limit the downward restoration of bar I34, I56. Said guide plate has an open T-slot I8I to guide bar I34. A reduced neck I82 of bar I34 permitsinsertion of the latter into T-slot I8I. With shoulder I80 of 'bar I34 stopping normally on plate I26 and thus normally holding rockshaft II1 fixed, the rackbar 65 may nevertheless be adjusted angularly to its normal Figure 7 position. By loosening a screw I63, Figure 2, that fixes arm II9 to shaft II1, the rack 65 may be angularly adjusted whereupon screw I83 is tightened again.

Plate 99 of margin stop I may have slots I84 for the screws I02 in order to permit shift of said plate between the full-line normal position and the dotted-line position, Figure 2. Screws I02, for margin stop I, may be shouldered to seat upon body block 96 to prevent their heads from binding-plate 99. Said block 96 may be drilled at I85 to receive a ball and spring detent I86 cooperative with spots I11 on the underside I of plate 99 to detent the latter in either of its positions. In the dotted-line position, Figure 8, plate 99 is in path a of tongue II3 to limit carriage-return, automatically initiated by engagement of the cam edge II2 with the line-end margin-stop L. That is to say, margin-stop I, with its plate 99 in the dotted-line position, will be effective, instead of margin-stop 3, to terminate an automatically initiated return of the carriage. It will be understood that marginstop I, with its plate 99in its rearwardly projected dotted-line position, will be effective without angularly moving rack 65 from its normal Figure '7 position; but if plate 99 is in its normal forwardly retracted or full-line position, rack 66 must be angularly moved by means of key lever 52, as in Figure 12, to render margin-stop I effective.

When rack 65 is positioned toward the left, as in Figures 2 and 3, its pivot-pin 66 may be closely adjacent the end of screw 13. Therefore, when rack 65 is displaced toward the right by the returning carriage, it will move relatively to pin 66, which is arrested by screw 13, and thereby compress spring 61, while block I49 on the rackmoved bar I44 reaches stop 16. When the carriage subsequently moves leftwardly again, spring 61 will tend to move rack 65 leftwardly toward the positions of Figures 2 and 3.

Alternatively, screw 13 may be shortened so that there may be a space I85, Figure 13, between the ends of pin 66 and screw 13 when the rack is in its leftwardly placed position of Figures 2 and 3. In that case, leftward movement of the carriage, following the rightward displacement of rack 65, will not be attended by leftward movement of said rack 65 until carriage tongue II3 reaches cam-edge III of line-endmargin stop L to return rack 65 leftwardly to the Figures 2 and 3 positions and rock rack 65 clockwise to initiate automatically a carriage return. If one of the carriage return key levers 5I, 53 is operated before the carriage reaches line-end margin-stop L, the resulting leftward placement of bar I44 will move rack leftwardly to the Figures 2 and 3 positions.

A plate I81 is fixed to rack 65 by screws I88. A collar I89 is slidably loose on shaft I I1, Figures 1 and 2, and is urged leftwardly by spring I90 but is stopped by a spacer I9I abutting shaft arm II9. Spring I90 reacts against a collar I92 fixed to shaft II1. When rack has become displaced rightwardly by the returning carriage, tongue I93 of plate I61 overlies collar I89 so that the latter blocks untimly clockwise movement of rack 65. But when carriage tongue II3 reaches line-end margin-stop L again and restores rack 65 leftwardly, carriage tongue I93 is moved leftwardly off collar I89 to the Figure 2 position to permit the final carriage-return-initiating clockwise angular movement of rack 65. If rack 65 should happen to be turned while the carriage is encountering one of the margin-stops I, 2 or 3 so that the left side of collar I89 opposes tongue I93, it would merely result that the rightward movement of rack 65 would temporarily displace collar I89 in opposition to spring I90 in order to avoid damage to the parts.

Figure 8 illustrates how rack 65, with its set up of margin-stops, may be removed readily at will from the machine. Finger-piece 69 is first moved manually leftwardly to retract pin 66 from socket 10. Rack 65 may then be turned about its left end to the dotted-line position, Figure 8, preparatory to withdrawing said left end from pins 18, 82 by moving rack 65 rightwardly. In a converse manner, rack 65, or a similar substitute rack, may be replaced in the machine.

Should one of the carriage return key levers 5I--53 be operated in the absence of rack 65 from the machine, the resulting carriage return movement will be arrested by encounter of a carriage tongue I95, moving in path 0, Figure 8, with block I49 to move bar I44 rightwardly and rock shaft I38 clockwise to shut off the carriagereturn mechanism. Tongue I95 is on a plate I96 which, together with plate I I4 is fixed to carriage boss II5 by screws I91. Plate I96 also has a tongue I98 moving in path d to engage the side of plate 61 to arrest leftward carriage movement in the absence of rack 65 from the machine.

2,806,564 I Ton'gue H3 of plate ill may have a vertical edge I I3, l igurelil to stop against the right side of cam-edge- I I I of line-end margin-stop L in order to limit positively leftward movement of the carriage.

A stop-screw I98 in rack 65 limits rightward shifts of the margin stops on the rack 65; plate I" similarly limits leftward shifts of the margin stops.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention and portions of the improvements may be used without others.

ation of said mechanism, a line-end stop, a support on which said stop is stationed, means mounting said support on said frame and permitting movement of said support in response to engagement of said stop by the carriage at a line' end, and an operative connection enabling said support in its said movement to move said return initiating member to operated position, said mounting means having associated therewith a manually operable releaser and said operative connection being constructed to make it feasible to release and remove quickly and to replace quickly such stop support by hand at will.

2. A typewriter having a frame and a carriage thereon, power-operable carriage-return mechanism engageable to return the carriage, a carriage-return stop, a support on which said stop is stationed, means mounting said support on said frame and permitting movement of said support in response to engagement of said stop by the returning carriage, and an operative connection enabling said support in its said movement to disengage said carriage-return mechanism, said mounting means having associated therewith a manually operable releaser and said operative connection being constructed to make it feasible to release and remove quickly and to replace quickly such stop support by hand at will. 7

3. In a typing machine, the combination with a frame, and a reciprocatable carriage on said frame, of power-operable carriage-return mechanism, a support presenting line-end and carriage-return stops, means mounting said support on said frame and permitting movement of said support in response to engagement of the carriage with said stops, said support having operative connection to said carriage-return mechanism whereby the latter is controlled in response to said support movement. said mounting means having associated therewith a manually operable releaser and said operative connection being constructed to make it feasible to release and remove quickly and to replace quickly such stop support by hand at will.

4. In a typing machine, the combination with a frame and a reciprocatable carriage on said frame, of a power-operable carriage return mechanism, a rack-bar, line-end and carriagereturn stops stationed on said rack-bar, means mounting said rack-bar on said frame and permitting movement of said rack-bar in response to engagement of the carriage with said stops, said rack-bar having operative connection to said carriage-return mechanism whereby the latter is controlled in response to said rack-bar movement, said mounting-means having associated therewith a manually operable releaser and said operative connection being constructed to make itfeasible to release and remove quickly and. to replace quickly such-rack-bar by hand at will.

5. In a typing machine, th combination with a frame and a reciprocatable carriage on said frame, of a power-operable carriage return mechanism, a rack-bar, line-end and carriageretum stops stationed on said rack-bar, means mounting said rack bar on saidframe for pivotal movement about a longitudinal axis and for endwise movement, and operative connections from said rack-bar to said carriage-return mechanism whereby the latter is controlled in response to said rack-bar movements, said mounting means having associated therewith a manually operable releaser and said operative connections being constructed to make it feasible to release and remove quickly and to replace quickly "such rackbar by hand at will.

6. In a typewriter, the combination with a frame and a reciprocatable carriage thereon, of a rack having a line-end stop and a line-start stop engageable by said carriage, carriage-return mechanism, means operable to initiate carriagereturn actuation of said mechanism, means operable to terminate said actuation, structure mounting said rack on said frame for angular displacement about a longitudinal axis in response to engagement of the line-end stop by the carriage and for endwise displacement in response to engagement of the line-start stop by the carriage, and operative connections enabling the angular and endwise displacements of the rack to operate respectively the carriage-retuminitiating means and the carriage-retum-terminating means. 1

7. In a typewriter, the combination with a frame and a reciprocatable carriage thereon, of a rack having a line-end stop and also having an extreme line-start stop and an intermediate linestart stop, a counterstop on the carriage, the intermediate line-start stop being normally out of the path of the counterstop, power-operable carriage-return mechanism, means operable to initiate carriage-return actuation of said return mechanism, means operable to terminate said actuation, structure mounting said rack on said frame for transverse displacement in response to engagement of the line-end stop by the carriage and for endwise displacement in response to engagement of the line-start stop by the carriage, operative connections enabling the transverse and endwise displacements of the rack to operate respectively the carriage-return-initiating means and the carriage-return terminating means, a key operable for operating the carriage return initiating means, and an operative connection from said key to said rack to transversely displace said rack to place the intermediate linestart stop in the path of said counterstop, the carriage return-initiating and the intermediatestop-placing transverse displacements of the rack being in opposite directions.

8. In a typing machine having a reciprocatable carriage, the combination of a margin-stop rack associated with said carriage, end supporting means for said rack, and means connecting said rack to said supporting means so as to permit rocking movement of said rack about a longitudinal axis and also to permit endwise movement of the rack, said connecting means having associated therewith a device manually operable for quickly disconnecting and connecting the rack and supporting means for quickly removing and replacing the rack from and in the machine at wi l.

9. A margin-stop rack-bar, for a typing carriage, rockable about a, longitudinal axis, a pivot element defining/said axis and supported on the rack for axial movement, and a finger-piece connected to said element and by which said element is manually retractable and projectable axially to provide for ready removal and replacement of the rack from and in a machine.

10. A margin-stop rack-bar, for a typing carriage, rockable about a longitudinal axis, supporting means, saidrack-bar including means at each end for pivotally engaging said supporting means, one of said engaging means being a pin, said rack having means to slidably retain said pin for projecting the latter to engage said supporting means or for retracting said pin from said supporting means, the other engaging means being freely disengageable from or reengageable with said supporting means upon the retraction of said pin, whereby said rack may be removed from or replaced on said supporting means at will.

11. The combination with a frame, a reciprocatable typing carriage thereon, and poweroperable carriage-return mechanism, of a rack, a carriage-return-limiting stop securable to said rack at different stations, a counterstop on the carriage, means mounting the rack on said frame for endwise movement, and for movement transversely of the carriage path to bring the stop into the path of the counterstop, said rack being normally positioned with said stop out of said counterstop path, a carriage return key, means enabling said key to initiate operation of the car riage return mechanism to return the carriage, means operatively connecting said key to said rack and enabling said key to move said rack transversely to bring said rack stop into the path of the counterstop, and means operatively connected to said rack and responsive to the endwise rack displacement occurring upon encounter of said stop and counterstop to terminate the carriage-returning operation of said carriage-return mechanism.

12. The combination with a frame, a reciprocatable typing carriage thereon,.and power-operable carriage-retum mechanism, of a rack, a carriage-return-limiting stop securable to said rack at different stations, a counterstop on the carriage, means mounting the rack on said frame for endwise movement, and for movement transversely of the carriage path to bring the stop into the path of the counterstop, said rack being normally positioned with said stop out of said counterstop path, a carriage return key, means enabling said key to initiate operation of the carriage return mechanism to return the carriage, means operatively connecting said key to said rack and enabling said key to move said rack transversely to bring said rack stop into the path of the counterstop, and means operatively connected to said rack and responsive to the endwise rack dipslacement occurring upon encounter of said stop and counterstop to terminate the carriage-returning operation of said carriage-return mechanism, said rack-mounting means having associated therewith a manually operable releaser and said last two means, that are operatively connected to said rack, being arranged to provide for quick removal and replacement of said rack at will.

13. The combination with a frame, a reciprocatable typing carriage thereon, and power-perable carriage return mechanism, of a margin stop rack, means pivoting said rack at its ends to said frame for angular movement about 8. ion gitudinal axis, said pivoting means being adapted to permit endwise movement or the rack, and means whereby said movements occur consonantly with effecting the return of the carriage by said return mechanism, sald pivoting means having associated therewith a manually operable releaser to release and permit said rack to beremoved quickly from and replaced on said frame by manipulation.

14. The combination with a frame, a reciprocatable typing carriage thereon, a carriage-return key, a power-operable carrlage-retum mechanism responsive to operation of said key, a rack removably mounted on said frame and having a stop engageable by the carriage at a predetermined limit of carriage-return to move said rack, means responsive to said rack movement to shut off said carriage return mechanism and operatively connected to said rack to permit ready re- -moval of the rack, and means enabling the carriage at a predetermined limit of return movement to directly operate the shut-oil means if said rack has been removed.

15. The combination with a reciprocatable typing-machine carriage, of a margin-stop rack, a support adjacent each end of the rack, and means connecting the rack to the supports so as to permit the rack to function by movement of the rack relatively to the supports, said connecting means being arranged to permit quick removal from and replacement of the rack on the supports at will and having associated therewith a finger piece instantly shiftable manually between two positions to break and remake the connecting means for said rack removal and replacement.

16. In a typing machine having a reciprocatable carriage, the combination with a rack, margin-stops secured to said rack to determine their stations, mechanism extraneous to but co-operable with the rack, a support adjacent each end of the rack, an operative connection, including a lever, between said rack and mechanism, said lever being disposed adjacent the rack on one of the supports, means connecting the rack to the support for movement of the rack, consonantly with the cooperation of said rack and mechanism, and means operatively connecting said lever and rack for joint movement, said last two means including devices readily manipulatable for removing and replacing the rack alone at will.

17. A stop rack, for a typing carriage, provided at one end with mutually facing spacially separated elements, a support adjacent said rack end, a pivot stud on said support embraced by said elements, a support to which the other end of the rack is connected detachably and so as to permit angular movement of the rack co-axially with said stud, and a mechanism operable in accordance with the angular movements of the rack, said mechanism having an operative connection to said rack including a stud embraced by said rack elements and radially spaced from the first stud.

18. In a typing machine having a carriage; a margin-stop rack associated with said carriage, supports about which said rack is rockable about a longitudinal axis, said rack having at least at one end a fulcrum pin supported on the rack for endwise movement to engage the companion support, and a finger piece operatively connected to said pin for moving the pin endwise to engage it with or disengage it from said support to provide for removal and replacement of the rack, the

other end of the rack being also detachably and pivotally connected to its companion support.

19. The combination with a frame, a reciprocatable typing carriage on said frame, and counterstop means on said carriage, of a rack supported on said frame for movement transverse to the carriag travel, an extreme stop on said rack,'said rack having in respect to said movement a normal position in which it presents the extreme stop in the path of said counterstop means, and an intermediate stop on said rack, including an element shiftable between two positions, said element in one position being out of the path of the counterstop means but being movable into said path by transversely moving the rack, said element in its other position being in said path when th rack is in normal position. 20. The combination with a reciproc'atable typing carriage having stop engagingmeans, a margin-stop rack, and power-operable carriage-return mechanism, of means mounting said rack for transverse displacement and for endwise displacement, said rack having a stop engageable by the stop engaging means on the carriage at a line-end to displace transversely the rack, means operated by the transverse displacement of the rack to determine actuation of the carriage-return mechanism, said rack having a stop engage,-

. able by the stop engaging means on the returning carriage to displace the rackendwise, means operated by the endwise displacement of the rack to determine shut-off of the carriage-return mechanism, and means preventing the transverse displacement of the rack when the latter is displaced endwise.

21. A typewriter having a main frame, a carriage reciprocatable on said frame, said frame including right and left front standards surmounted by a-carriage-guiding rail, a margin-- stop rack supported by said frame and disposed between said standards and below said rail, and a mask hinged to and spanning said standards to mask the margin-stoprack, said mask having a transverse edge normally adjacent said rail and being swingable about its hinge axis to expose said rack, said hinge axis being below said rack.

22. In a typewriter,. the combination with a frame, and a carriage thereon, of a rack having a line-end stop and a line-start stop engageable by the carriage, carriage-return mechanism, means operable to initiate and terminate carriage-return actuation of said mechanism, structure mounting said rack 'on said frame for displacement transversely to the carriage path and for endwise displacement, one displacement being made by the carriage displacing the line-end stop, and the other displacement being made by the carriage displacing the line-start stop, "'and operative connection means enabling the rack by one of said displacements to operate the means to initiate carriage-return actuation and by the other displacement to operate the means to terminate said actuation.

23. A margin-stop rack for a typing machine carriage, a support opposite one end of the rack. a member movably supported on the support and detachably connected with the rack for joint movement of the member and rack in a direction transverse to the carriage path, a support to which the other end of the rackis connected detachably and so as to permit the transverse movement of the rack, and a mechanism operatively connected to and operable by said member in accordance with the transverse movement of the raek.

24. A typewriter having a typing carriage, a man frame, a carriage guiding rail on said frame, a marg'in-stop-rack supported by said frame and disposed below said rail, and a masksupported on said frame in position normally to mask said rack and to be movable out of the way to give access to said rack.

-25. In a typewriter, the combination with a typing carriage having counterstop means, of a margin-stop rack having a line-end stop and stops for extreme and intermediate line-start positions, means supporting said rack for movementsfrom a normal position in opposite directions transversely to the carriage travel, and for endwise movement, the intermediate line-start stop being out of line with the counterstop means when the rack is in said normal position, the lineend stop being engageable by the counterstop means to move the rack in one transverse direction, means operable alternatively 'before the line-end stop is engaged for moving the rackin the opposite transverse direction and placing it to interpose the intermediate step in line with the counterstop means, a power-operable carriagereturn mechanism, means operable jointly with the moving of the rack in either transverse direction to enable saidmechanism to return the carriage, the intermediate or the extreme linestart stop being engageable by the counterstop means on the returning carriage to move the rack endwise, and means effective through the endwise rack movement to disengage the carriagereturn mechanism.

26. In a typewriter, the combination with a typing carriage, of a rack having a margin stop, a counterstop on the carriage, said rack-stop and counterstop being normally out of line, means supporting said rack for transverse movementto bring its stop and the counterstop in line, said rack being detachable from said supporting means, means to which the rack is operatively connected detachably, said last-named means being movable to an operated position to move the rack transversely to bring the rack-stop and counterstop in line, and a detent to engage and hold said last-named means in operated position.

HENRY L. PITMAN. 

